![]() ![]() ![]() At the end, these must be converted to database mappings. A conceptual mapping candidate is then a pair of source and target subgraphs which are semantically similar. Second, we develop algorithms for discovering subgraphs that are plausible connections between those concepts/nodes in the CM graph that have attributes participating in element cor-respondences. Our approach first compiles each CM into a graph and repre-sents each table's semantics as a subtree in it. In this paper, we investigate the use of a richer source of information about schemas, namely the presumed presence of semantics for each table expressed in terms of a conceptual model (CM) associated with it. The problem is inherently difficult to automate and previous solutions have proposed algorithms which take as input simple element correspondences between schemas in addition to local schema constraints such as keys and ref-erential integrity. This rela-tionship is expressed in terms of declarative logical expres-sions. We take schema mapping to be the problem of finding an appropriate semantic relationship to load data from a source to a target database, given their schemas. I propose a corresponding reference theory and put it to a practical test in this thesis: I define an essential road network category, namely a junction, and test the definition in Open Street Map. Object properties such as waterdepth are grounded in experiential geometry, visual surfaces and media of diving. For example, bodies, surfaces, and different kinds of media in the human environment are grounded in terms of perceived affordances. bottom-up, in order to reconstruct the underlying observation procedure, instead of presuming abstract concepts. The idea is to describe data categories in terms of observation predicates, i.e. I propose a kind of practical constructivism guided by a formal language. These speech acts can be shared, and thus represent lowest level information items. The memorized relations are expressed by observation predicates, to be established by convention in terms of speech acts of an observation language. They also allow an observer to relate foci of attention based on the Gestalt. ![]() Gestalts, in the perceived space around the body. These operations focus joint human attention on pre-conceptual cognitive mechanisms, i.e. I argue that persisting problems of information ontologies, namely the grounding problem and the problem of reference, could be solved using certain principles of construction and imitation in terms of perceptual operations. The thesis addresses the grounding part of reference systems. They can be used to annotate data and describe and compare their semantics. Similar to spatial reference systems, semantic reference systems consist of formal theories (reference theories) with conventionally established interpretations into perceptual and constructive operations (such as pointing to a physical monument, and describing locations relative to it). In this thesis, I propose a method of constructing semantic reference systems for geographic information based on reproducible observations. ![]()
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